:root{--paper:#f4f3ee;--white:#fffefa;--ink:#202d29;--muted:#52615b;--line:#cbd0c6;--green:#205b4d;--pale:#e4ece5;--rust:#854729;--sand:#f3e8dd;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px;color-scheme:light}*{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}::selection{background:#d1e3b5;color:#183b30}a{color:var(--green);text-underline-offset:.22em}a:hover{color:#153f35}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,select,summary{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,[tabindex]:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #995015;outline-offset:4px}input{accent-color:var(--green);caret-color:var(--green)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.skip{position:fixed;left:1rem;top:-100px;padding:.7rem;background:var(--white);z-index:5}.skip:focus{top:1rem}.masthead{height:92px;padding:0 4.5vw;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;background:var(--paper);position:relative;z-index:2}.brand{font-size:18px;font-weight:700;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;line-height:1.4}.brand span{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.02em}.source-top{margin-left:auto;font-size:14px}.layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:235px minmax(0,1fr);gap:clamp(40px,6vw,100px);max-width:1440px;margin:auto;padding:0 4.5vw}aside{align-self:start;position:sticky;top:30px;padding-top:48px}nav{display:grid;gap:4px}.nav-title{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 18px}nav a{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;padding:10px 8px;border-radius:4px}nav a span{font-size:12px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}nav a:hover,nav a[aria-current]{background:var(--pale);color:var(--green)}nav a[aria-current]{font-weight:700}.sidebar-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin:30px 8px}main{min-width:0;max-width:930px}.intro{padding:64px 0 50px}h1,h2{font-family:Georgia,'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.03em;line-height:1.12;text-wrap:balance}h1{font-size:clamp(40px,4.6vw,67px);margin:0 0 26px;max-width:16ch}h1 em{color:var(--green);font-weight:400}p{max-width:73ch;margin:0 0 20px}.intro-copy{font-size:19px;line-height:1.65;max-width:56ch;color:var(--muted)}.intro-bottom{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:28px;margin:30px 0 40px}.intro-bottom>span{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.6}.button,button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:22px;background:var(--green);color:white;border:1px solid var(--green);padding:11px 18px;border-radius:4px;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;min-height:44px}.button:hover,button:hover{background:#153f35;color:white}.quiet{background:transparent;color:var(--green);border-color:var(--line)}.quiet:hover{background:var(--pale);color:var(--green)}.thesis{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:22px 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr;gap:8px 20px;align-items:center;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:24px}.thesis>span:nth-of-type(2){text-align:right}.thesis b{color:var(--rust);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400}.thesis small{grid-column:1/-1;font:13px/1.5 Arial,sans-serif;color:var(--muted)}.chapter{padding:46px 0 56px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:20px}.chapter-heading{display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:30px}.chapter-number{font-size:15px;color:var(--green);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;border-top:2px solid var(--green);padding-top:8px;flex:none}h2{font-size:clamp(30px,3.2vw,44px);margin:0 0 15px}h3{font-size:22px;line-height:1.3;margin:36px 0 16px;letter-spacing:-.02em}h4{font-size:19px;margin:0 0 12px}.lead{font-size:18px;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.layer-map{max-width:660px;margin:30px auto}.layer{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:19px 22px;border:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:8px;align-items:center}.layer b{font-size:16px}.layer span{font-size:13px}.people{border-style:dashed;background:var(--white)}.sql{background:var(--sand);border-color:#d8c7b9;color:#653a25}.windows{background:var(--pale);border-color:#bdcebf;color:#184b3e}.hardware{background:#e8e8e2}.connector{text-align:center;color:var(--muted);height:26px}.glossary{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 36px;margin:30px 0}.glossary>div{padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}dt{font-weight:700;font-size:16px}dd{margin:8px 0 0;font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}.note{padding:20px 23px;background:#e9ece4;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7}.fine,.source{font-size:13px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65}.source{margin:18px 0 30px}.source a{font-size:12px}.table-wrap{overflow:auto;margin:22px 0 26px}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:14px;text-align:left}caption{text-align:left;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px;margin-bottom:12px}th,td{padding:16px 14px;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}thead{background:var(--green);color:white}tbody th{font-weight:700;min-width:120px}tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:#eaece5}.comparison{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px;margin:25px 0}.comparison>div{border-top:2px solid var(--green);padding-top:20px}.comparison p{font-size:16px}.lab{margin:34px 0;padding:28px;background:var(--pale);border-radius:12px}.lab h3{margin:0 0 10px}.lab-intro p{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}.sql-lab{background:var(--sand)}.fields{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px}.fields label{font-size:13px;font-weight:700}.fields input,.fields select{display:block;width:100%;margin:7px 0 15px;padding:9px 10px;border:1px solid #889b8e;border-radius:4px;background:var(--white);color:var(--ink);font-size:17px;min-height:46px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.check{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:flex-start;font-size:14px;margin:8px 0 20px}.check input,.checklist input,.answer input{width:18px;height:18px;flex-shrink:0;margin-top:4px}.actions{display:flex;gap:10px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:18px 0}.calculator output{display:block;background:var(--white);padding:22px;margin:22px 0;border-radius:6px}.calculator output strong{display:block;font-size:22px;color:var(--green);line-height:1.4;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.calculator output span{display:block;font-size:14px;margin-top:8px}.calculator output.error strong{color:#873820}.calculator output.updated{animation:result-in .24s ease-out}.lab>.fine{margin:16px 0 0}.vm-visual{display:flex;gap:8px;flex-wrap:wrap}.vm-visual span{font-size:12px;padding:8px 14px;background:var(--white);border:1px solid #91aa96;color:#234e40;border-radius:3px}.vm-visual span:nth-child(4n+3),.vm-visual span:nth-child(4n+4){background:#bcd2c0}.knowledge{background:var(--white);padding:24px 26px;margin-top:32px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px}.knowledge h3{margin:0 0 14px;font-size:18px}.quiz fieldset{padding:0;border:0;margin:0;min-width:0}.quiz legend{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;padding:0;margin-bottom:14px}.answer{display:flex;gap:12px;padding:9px 0;font-size:15px;cursor:pointer}.feedback:empty{display:none}.feedback{font-size:15px;margin:18px 0 0;color:var(--green);font-weight:600}.answer-key{margin-top:12px!important;border:0!important;font-size:14px}.answer-key summary{padding:10px 0!important;font-size:14px}.flow{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:14px;padding:24px 0;margin:24px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.flow div{flex:1;text-align:center}.flow b,.flow span{display:block}.flow div span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:7px}.worked{margin:30px 0;text-align:center}.worked-top{background:var(--sand);padding:18px}.worked-host{border:1px solid var(--green);padding:22px;margin-top:16px}.worked-vms{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:16px}.worked-vms>div{background:var(--pale);padding:22px}.worked-vms b,.worked-vms span{display:block}.worked-vms span{font-size:14px;margin-top:8px}.worked-host>p{margin:18px 0 0;font-size:13px;max-width:none}details{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0}summary{padding:22px 4px;cursor:pointer;font-size:18px;font-weight:700}details>p{padding:0 4px;font-size:16px}details[open]{padding-bottom:10px}.checklist{display:grid;margin:24px 0}.checklist label{display:flex;gap:14px;padding:15px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:16px;cursor:pointer}.sources{padding-left:24px;font-size:15px}.sources li{padding:6px 0}footer{padding:50px 0 65px;font-size:17px}footer a{font-size:14px}.masthead .quiet{font-size:13px;padding:8px 12px}a,summary{overflow-wrap:anywhere}main>section:last-of-type{border-bottom:0}@keyframes result-in{from{transform:translateY(4px)}to{transform:translateY(0)}}@media(min-width:1500px){.layout{gap:100px}}@media(max-width:1000px){.layout{grid-template-columns:190px minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.masthead{height:80px}.intro{padding-top:48px}h1{font-size:44px}.layer{flex-direction:column;gap:5px;align-items:flex-start}.fields{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.fields label:last-child{grid-column:1/-1}.glossary{gap:0 22px}.lab{padding:22px}}@media(max-width:720px){:root{font-size:16px;scroll-padding-top:20px}.masthead{padding:16px 22px;height:auto;min-height:80px;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}.brand{font-size:16px}.source-top{font-size:12px}.masthead button{display:none!important}.layout{display:block;padding:0 22px}aside{position:static;padding-top:20px}nav{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:3px 8px}.nav-title{grid-column:1/-1;margin-bottom:6px}nav a{padding:8px 4px;gap:9px;font-size:12px;min-height:40px}.sidebar-note{display:none}.intro{padding:38px 0 20px}h1{font-size:clamp(35px,8vw,50px);max-width:17ch}.intro-copy{font-size:17px}.intro-bottom{gap:18px;margin-bottom:28px}.intro-bottom>span{font-size:11px}.thesis{font-size:18px;gap:8px 10px;padding:18px 0}.thesis small{font-size:12px}.chapter{padding:36px 0}.chapter-heading{gap:14px;margin-bottom:25px}.chapter-number{font-size:12px}h2{font-size:31px}.lead{font-size:16px}h3{font-size:21px}.comparison,.glossary{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0}.comparison>div{margin-bottom:15px}.fields{grid-template-columns:1fr}.fields label:last-child{grid-column:auto}.lab{padding:20px 16px;border-radius:10px}.lab h3{font-size:20px}.calculator output{padding:17px}.calculator output strong{font-size:20px}.knowledge{padding:22px 18px}.flow{gap:8px}.flow b{font-size:13px}.flow div span{font-size:11px}.worked-host{padding:15px}.worked-vms{gap:10px}.worked-vms>div{padding:16px 8px}.worked-vms b{font-size:14px}.worked-vms span{font-size:12px}th,td{padding:12px 10px}table{font-size:13px;min-width:480px}.note{padding:17px}.source{font-size:12px}summary{font-size:17px}.actions button{font-size:13px}.layer{padding:16px}.sources{font-size:14px}footer{padding:30px 0 50px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){:root{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*::before,*::after{animation:none!important;transition:none!important}}
@media print{:root{font-size:10pt;background:white;color:black;line-height:1.45}.masthead,aside,.intro-bottom,.actions,.skip,.vm-visual,.checklist input,footer>a{display:none!important}.layout{display:block;padding:0;max-width:none}main{max-width:none}.intro{padding:0 0 20px}h1{font-size:30pt;max-width:none}h2{font-size:23pt}.chapter{padding:20px 0;break-before:page}.chapter-heading{break-after:avoid}.lab,.knowledge,.layer-map,.worked,.comparison{break-inside:avoid}table{min-width:0!important;font-size:9pt}thead{color:black;background:#eee}.table-wrap{overflow:visible}.fields{display:none}.calculator .check{display:none}.calculator output{border:1px solid #aaa}.glossary{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.source a,.sources a{color:black}details>summary{font-size:12pt}.answer-key{display:block}.feedback{color:black}a{text-decoration:underline}.thesis{font-size:17pt}.lab{padding:16px}.fine,.source{font-size:8pt}.chapter-number{color:black}footer{padding:15px 0}.source a::after{content:' [' attr(href) ']';font-size:7pt;overflow-wrap:anywhere}p{max-width:none}}
@media print{.chapter{break-before:auto;padding:20px 0}.chapter-heading,h2,h3,h4,summary{break-after:avoid}.glossary>div,.note,tr{break-inside:avoid}.comparison{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px}.comparison>div{margin:0}.intro{break-after:avoid}.knowledge{margin:18px 0}.chapter-heading{margin-bottom:16px}h3{margin-top:24px}footer{display:none}}
.skip:not(:focus){clip-path:inset(50%);width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap}

.minimums{padding:42px 0;border-block:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:24px}.minimums h2{margin-bottom:18px}.minimums .lead{margin-bottom:15px}.minimum-table{margin:24px 0}.minimum-table th:first-child{width:29%}.minimum-table td:nth-child(2){width:25%;background:var(--pale)}.minimum-value strong{font-size:18px;line-height:1.45;display:block;color:var(--green)}.minimum-rule{padding:16px 0;border-block:1px solid #a9baaa;font-size:14px;line-height:1.65}.minimum-rule strong{display:block;margin-bottom:4px}.minimum-link{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:0;margin-bottom:10px} @media(max-width:720px){nav .minimum-link{grid-column:1/-1}.minimum-table{min-width:0}.minimum-table thead{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip-path:inset(50%)}.minimum-table tbody,.minimum-table tr,.minimum-table th,.minimum-table td{display:block;width:100%!important}.minimum-table tr{margin-bottom:24px;border:1px solid var(--line)}.minimum-table th{padding:15px;font-size:15px}.minimum-table td{padding:15px;font-size:14px}.minimum-table td:last-child{border-bottom:0}.minimum-value::before{content:'Minimum core licenses';display:block;font-size:12px;margin-bottom:5px;color:var(--muted)}.minimum-value strong{font-size:20px}.minimums{padding:30px 0}} @media print{.minimums{break-before:page}.minimum-table{font-size:9pt}.minimum-value strong{font-size:11pt}.minimum-rule{font-size:9pt}.minimum-table tr{break-inside:avoid}}
